T.O. 33B-1-1 b) rad, rem, RBE c) Gray (Gy), 1 Gy = 100 rad; Sievert (Sv), 1 Sv = 100 rem d) Exposure rate and dose rate 7. Quantity of radiation a) Curie, Becquerel; 1 curie (Ci) = 3.7 x 10¹⁰ Becquerel (Bq) B. Hazard of exposure to radiation 1. Naturally occurring radiation 2. Biological effects a) Mechanism of tissue damage b) Variables inf luencing radiation doses c) Somatic and genetic effects d) Occupational dose limits e) Non-occupational/public exposure limits C. Records of radiation exposure 1. Prior exposure history 2. Reports of radiation exposures D. Radiation measurement 1. Principles of radiation measurement a) Energy dependence b) Response time c) Ionization chamber instruments d) Geiger-Mueller instruments 2. Personnel dosimetry a) Use of TLD (or film) badges b) Pocket dosimeters c) Alarm devices/rate meters 3. Area survey meters a) Differences between types of meters b) Operation, calibration c) Capabilities and limitations d) Survey techniques E. Radiation Protection 1. Control of radiation dose a) Dose rate factors (X-ray and/or gamma ray) b) Exposure time c) Exposure distance d) Shielding 2. Safety equipment for unshielded operations 3. Safety equipment for shielded operations F. Practical application requirements 1. Radiographic equipment to be used 2. Radiation exposure in shielded operations a) Accidental exposure b) Beam orientation c) Location of operating controls d) Checkout of safety devices 3. Radiation exposure in unshielded operations a) High (and very high) radiation areas b) Placement of barriers c) Measurement of exposure rates G. Inspection and maintenance performed by radiographers 1. Interlocks 2. Warning devices 3. Radiography equipment/facilities Change 2 6-115