T.O. 33B-1-14-20Figure 4-14. Sinusoidal Variation of Alternating Current and Induced Voltage in a Coil4.3.2.3 CombiningOutOfPhaseQuantities.A real coil has a resistive component of the impedance in addition to the inductive reactance. They can be combined todescribe the net impedance. A coil can be considered to be a resistor in series with an inductor. Applying analternating current to this series circuit will result in two voltages, one across the resistor and another across theinductor. The net voltage across the combination of the resistor and inductor, i.e. across a real coil, will be thecombination of the two voltages. The voltage across the resistor will be in phase with the current while the voltageacross the inductor will lead the voltage across the resistor by 90 degrees. The combination of the two voltages, asillustrated in Figure 4-15, results in a voltage that will be out of phase with the current but not by a full 90 degrees.Figure 4-15. Combining of Out-of Phase Voltages4.3.2.3.1 X-YPlotRepresentation.Another way to illustrate the combination of out-of-phase quantities in a coil is illustrated in Figure 4-16. Here the twovoltages drop; one across the resistor (VR) and the other across the inductor (VL) are plotted at right angles to each
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