T.O. 33B-1-1Glossary 2ACTIVATION: The process by which neutrons bombard stable atoms to make them radioactive.ACTIVITY: A measure of how radioactive a particular radioisotope is. Activity is calculated by the number of atomsdisintegrating per unit of time. Its unit of measurement is the curie. See SPECIFIC ACTIVITY.ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME (RT): The immediate effects of a short-term whole-body over exposure of a personto ionizing radiation. These effects include nausea and vomiting, malaise increased temperature, and blood changes.ADDED FILTER: Filter added to the inherent filtration.ADDITIVE, ABSORPTIVE (RT): See CONTRAST AGENT.ADHERENCE: The extent to which a coating bonds to a substrate.ADHERENCE INDEX: The measure of the adherence of porcelain enamel and ceramic coatings to sheet metal(ASTMC-313).ADHESION: The adhering or sticking together of substances in contact with each other.AERIAL IMAGE (RT): The representation (in relief) of the distribution of the intensity of the radiation in the plane ofthe radiograph (plane of the film).AFTERGLOW (RT): The persistence of light emission from an intensifying screen or fluorescent screen after anexposure. It is a form of phosphorescent radiation.AGE HARDENING: Increasing the hardness and possible strength of an alloy by a relatively low-temperature heattreatment that causes precipitation of components or phases of the alloy from the supersaturated solid solution. Alsoknown as precipitation hardening.AGGLOMERATION (PT) (MT): An indiscriminately formed mass. A cluster of disparate elements.AGING: A metallurgical change in a metal alloy resulting in an increase in mechanical properties. This change canoccur in some instances at room temperatures. More often its effects are increased by holding for specified lengths oftime at elevated temperatures. Also known as precipitation hardening.AIR-COOLED TUBE (RT): An X-ray tube for which the principal method of cooling is dissipation of heat intosurrounding air.AIRCRAFT QUALITY STEEL: Steel produced in such a way as to be as nearly free of discontinuities as possible.AIR GAP (MT): When a magnetic circuit contains a small gap that the magnetic flux must cross, the space is referredto as an air gap. Cracks produce small air gaps on the surface of a magnetized part.AIR HOLE: A hole in a casting caused by air or gas trapped in the metal during solidification; also, Gas HoleAIR SCATTER (RT): Ionizing radiation that, because of a scattering interaction with air, arrives at a point by way ofan indirect route instead of arriving directly from the source.ALARA: (acronym for “as low as is reasonably achievable") means making every reasonable effort to maintainexposures to radiation as far below dose limits as is practical consistent with the purposes for which the radiationexposure is received, taking into account the state of technology, the economics of improvements in relation to benefitsto the public health and safety, and other societal and socioeconomic considerations, and in relation to utilization ofradiation in the public interest.
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