T.O. 33B-1-16-1516.9.18.3.3.4 Operations.a. Once the restricted area is identified, it shall be adequately posted to assure against inadvertent entry.In some buildings it may be feasible to lock appropriate doors or limit access to very large work areas asa simple means of radiation area control. In other locations it may be necessary to establish boundariesby roping off or barricading passageways at appropriate locations. In any event, sufficient control in theform of posting, use of safety monitors and use of access limiting devices shall be in place to guaranteethat no individual can enter the area inadvertently.b. In general, when radiographic operations are conducted without benefit of shielding it is necessary toerect a rope barrier around X-ray tube head at a distance of 70 meters (230 feet) or more for verticalbeam orientation. For exposures requiring near horizontal or horizontal beams, the barrier may have tobe extended in the direction of the beam for several hundred meters to achieve exposure rates at thebarrier that are less than or equal to the maximum limits. (Fixed or portable shielding should be usedwhenever practicable to reduce the size of area which must be controlled.) Obvious1y, if the exposurescan be made in an area completely isolated, and unauthorized entry into the radiation area can beabsolutely guaranteed, these barriers can be relaxed. However, all entrances into the isolated area shallbe secured and posted, and any uncontrolled area must not contain exposure rates that would allowpersonnel to receive in excess of 2 mrem (20 mSv) in any one hour. All positions around the barriermust be in view of one of the radiographers or radiation monitors during exposures.c. Place radiation warning signs along the barrier so that at least one can be seen from any direction ofapproach.d. Extend the power cable from the tube head to the controls so that the operator is located as far aspossible from the radiation source, usually at least 75 feet (23 meters). Place the controls so that allmonitors or the entire perimeter of the barrier can be seen by the radiographer. If this is not possible,adequate means of communication shall be specified by either a consultant health physicist or NuclearMedicine Science Officer or other qualified individual during a survey of the unshielded operation.Adequate means of communications may includes two-way radios, whistles, electronic/propellant-activated noise alarms or ultrasonic infrared intrusion barriers but need not be limited to these methods.e. Place the sign “X-RAY ON”, when lit, near the X-ray tube and connect to the X-ray interlock circuit.f. Illuminate the area for night operation.g. Insure that no one is INSIDE the object being radiographed.h. Prior to making an exposure, the area shall be surveyed by the radiographers to establish pattern of anyradiation fields that may be present and to determine the adequacy of rope barrier placement.i. Upon completion of the survey and modification of the barrier, if needed, put the film in place andproceed with the radiographic exposure.j. If the barrier is penetrated by anyone during the exposure, the radiation source shall be turned offimmediately and the incident reported to the radiography supervisor.k. The radiographic apparatus shall NOT be left unattended when operating nor shall it be operated byunauthorized personnel. This equipment shall always be stored in secure area. A key lock shall beinstalled on all radiographic unit consoles. While in storage or unattended by an authorizedradiographer, the power safety-switch key shall be removed from the console and securely maintainedseparate from the apparatus. Only radiographers authorized by the Unit Commander shall have accessto the industrial radiographic unit power safety-switch key storage areas.
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