T.O. 33B-1-1Glossary 81SENSITIVITY, DEFECT (RT): The minimum dimension of a discontinuity, considered to be a defect, that can bedetected in a radiograph under specified conditions.SENSITIVITY, IQI (RT): See IQI SENSITIVITY.SENSITIVITY (PERCENTAGE): A ratio of the smallest detectable thickness difference divided by the thickness ofmaterial being examined.SENSITIVITY, RADIOGRAPHIC: The ratio of the smallest difference in thickness that is detectable on the radiographto the thickness of the specimen. It may be expressed as a percentage, and is an indication of ability to detect a smalldiscontinuity. In practice, it is determined by the use of an image quality indicator (penetrameter).SENSITIVITY, SPECTRAL (RT): The variation in radiographic exposure, as a function of X-ray energy, required toproduce a given film density.SENSITOMETRIC CURVE (RT): See CHARACTERISTIC CURVE.SENSITOMETRY (RT): A quantitative measurement of the response of a film to exposure and development.SEPARATION ANGLE: The angle on the impedance plane between the thickness change curve and the lift-off curvefor a specific material.SETTLING TEST (MT): See CONCENTRATION TEST.SG: See DISTANCE AMPLITUDE CORRECTION.SHADOW (UT): A region in a body, which cannot be reached by ultrasonic energy, traveling in a given direction;caused by the geometry of the body or a discontinuity in it.SHALLOW DISCONTINUITY: A discontinuity open to the surface of a solid object which possesses little depth inproportion to the width of this opening. A scratch or nick may be a “shallow discontinuity” in this sense.SHALLOW-DOSE EQUIVALENT: As it applies to external exposure of the skin or an extremity, is taken as the doseequivalent at a tissue depth of 0.007 centimeters (7 mg/cm2) averaged over an area of 1 square centimeter.SHARPNESS (RT): See definition RADIOGRAPHIC (RT).SHEAR: That type of force which causes or tends to cause two contiguous parts of the same body to slide relative toeach other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.SHEAR FRACTURE: A fracture in which a crystal (or a polycrystalline mass) has separated by sliding or tearing underthe action of shear stresses.SHEAR LIP: A narrow, slanting (hence “shear”) ridge along the edge of a fracture surface. The term sometimes alsodenotes a narrow, often crescent-shaped, fibrous region at the edge of an otherwise cleavage fracture, even though thisfibrous region is in the same plane as the rest of the fracture surface.SHEAR STRENGTH: The stress required to produce fracture in the plane of cross-section, the conditions of loadingbeing such that the directions of force and of resistance are parallel and opposite although their paths are offset aspecified minimum amount.SHEAR WAVE (UT): A type of wave in which the particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
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