T.O. 33B-1-13-30procedures to indicate magnetic-field direction and to measure both applied and residual fields. One limitation is thatit measures only the flux passing through the probe or sensor (Figure 3-23) and does not measure the field at or belowthe part surface.a) Tangentialb) Normal(The arrow represents an external magnetic leakage field BL at the point of measurement.)Figure 3-23. Hall-Effect Sensors.3.3.9.3.2 QuantitativeQualityIndicator(QQI).The QQI is a small, thin, metal shim, made of a low carbon steel, that contains artificial defects for establishing orverifying MPI techniques. Examples of QQIs are illustrated in Figure 3-24. The artificial defects are formed by anetching process that can produce very narrow (0.005 inch) flaws with tightly controlled depths, typically 15%, 30% and60% of a QQI’s thickness. The thickness is either 0.002 or 0.004 inch. The basic QQI shim satisfies most needsbecause its circular and crossed-bar flaw configuration is suitable for longitudinal and circular fields. The bars in thecross are 0.25 inch long, while the circular slot is 0.5 inch in diameter. The circular flaw is especially useful inbalancing multi-directional fields. The miniature shim is designed for small areas on a test part; each circle is 0.25inch in diameter. The QQI with three concentric circular flaws with different depths (typically 20%, 30% and 40% ofshim thickness) may be used for more quantitative assessment of a magnetic field; the diameters of the circles are 0.25,0.375 and 0.5 inch in diameter. The linear shim is 2 inches long by 0.4 inch wide; it may useful in covering a curvedarea of a part, such as a radius.Figure 3-24. Shim-Type Magnetic Flux Indicators3.3.9.3.2.1QQIs are intended for use with the continuous method only. If a Gauss/Tesla meter is available, readings for bothcircular and longitudinal fields can be made at the point of QQI attachment. Once the readings are recorded for a part,it may be quicker to use the meter instead of a QQI to ensure sufficient field strength when the same type of part isinspected later.3.3.9.3.2.2 AdvantagesoftheQQI.a. Only device able to demonstrate adequacy and balance of multidirectional magnetization.
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