T.O. 33B-1-13-3changes in value with changes in the strength of the magnetizing force. A metal that is easy tomagnetize, such as soft iron or low carbon steel, has a high permeability or is said to be highlypermeable.o. ResidualMagnetism. The magnetic field that remains in the parts when the external magnetizing forcehas been reduced to zero.p. Retentivity. The property of a material to remain magnetized after the magnetizing force has beenremoved. Metals, such as hard steel with its high percentage of carbon, which retain a strong magneticfield after removal of the magnetizing current have high retentivity, or are said to be highly retentive.q. Saturation,Magnetic. The level of magnetism in a ferromagnetic material where the magneticpermeability is equal to 1. This is characterized as that level where an increasing in magnetizing force(H) results in no greater increase in magnetic field (B) than would occur in a vacuum or air.3.1.6 MagneticFieldCharacteristics.3.1.6.1 HorseshoeMagnet.A familiar type of magnet is the horseshoe magnet as shown in (See Figure 3-1). This is a permanent magnet andpossesses only residual magnetism. It will attract ferromagnetic materials to its ends or poles between which a leakagefield occurs. By convention, these ends are commonly called “north” and “south” poles, indicated by N and S on thediagram. Continuous magnetic flux lines, or lines of force in leakage fields, flow from the north to the south pole.These same flux lines continue through the magnet. In an ideal horseshoe magnet, the flux lines leave only at the polesand consequently an external magnetic force capable of attracting magnetic materials exists only at the poles. This isan example of a longitudinal magnetic field. In a real horseshoe magnet very small discontinuities are distributedthroughout creating small, weak and very localized leakage fields distributed over the surface of the magnet.Figure 3-1. Horseshoe Magnet.3.1.6.1.1If the shape of an ideal horseshoe magnet is changed as shown in Figure 3-2, the ends will still attract other magneticmaterials. However, if the ends of the magnet are fused or welded into a continuous ring as shown in Figure 3-3, themagnet will no longer attract or hold exterior magnetic materials. This is because the north and south poles no longerexist; thus a large leakage field does not exist. The magnetic field will remain as shown by the arrows, but there is noattraction for external ferromagnetic materials. This is an excellent example of a circular magnetic field. The changein magnetic field from longitudinal to circular by fusing the ends of the magnet is caused by the elimination of the largenorth and south poles present in the horseshoe magnet.
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