T.O. 33B-1-1Glossary 43HOT SHORTNESS: Brittleness in metal in the hot forming range.HOT SPOT: The point of retarded solidification caused by an increased mass of metal at the juncture of two sections. Itfrequently results in shrinkage and inferior mechanical properties at this location.HOT TEAR: A fracture formed in a metal during solidification because of hindered contraction. Usually on the surfaceof the part.HOT WORKING: Deforming metal plastically at such a temperature and rate that strain hardening does not occur.The low limit of temperature is the recrystallization temperature.HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT: A condition of low ductility in metals resulting from the absorption of hydrogen.HYDROMETER: An instrument used to determine specific gravity and hence the strength. It consists of a sealed,graduated tube, weighted at one end, that sinks in a fluid to a depth used as a measure of the fluid’s specific gravity.HYDROPHILIC (PT): Having an affinity for, attracting, adsorbing, or absorbing water. A substance soluble in water.HYDROPHILIC REMOVER (PT): A water compatible remover used with standard penetrants. Provides for improvedcontrol of the emulsification step process. It requires different processing steps than the standard Lipophilicemulsifiers.HYSTERESIS (MT): A retardation or lagging of the magnetic effect when the magnetizing forces acting upon aferromagnetic body are changed.Hz: Abbreviation for hertz.IIACS (ET): International Annealed Copper Standard is an international standard of electrical conductivity. It is basedon a high purity grade of copper designated as 100 percent.ICICLES (BURN THROUGH): A coalescence of metal beyond the root of the weld. IIW: Abbreviation forInternational Institute of Welding.IIW BLOCK: Specific type of reference standard used for angle beam, straight beam, and surface wave methods. SeeIIW.IMAGE AMPLIFIER (RT): A device that enhances a radiographic image for the purpose of decreasing interpretationtime or increasing image detail.IMAGE CONTRAST (RT): See CONTRAST, FILM.IMAGE DEFINITION (RT): See DEFINITION, RADIOGRAPHIC.IMAGE INTENSIFIER (RT): A device used in fluoroscopy to produce an image brighter than that, which would beproduced by the unaided action of the X-ray beam on a fluorescent screen.IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR (IQI) (PENETRAMETER) (RT): A device used to determine from the appearance ofits image in a radiograph, the overall quality of that radiograph. It is not intended for use in judging size norestablishing acceptance limits for discontinuities.IMAGE QUALITY LEVEL (RT): See RADIOGRAPHIC QUALITY LEVEL.
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